Key Stage 2 (KS2) is a phase of primary education in England and Wales, covering pupils aged 7 to 11 (Years 3 to 6). During KS2, children build on the skills and knowledge gained in Key Stage 1, studying a broad curriculum that includes English, mathematics, science, history, geography, art, and more. The end of KS2 is marked by national assessments, commonly known as SATs, which evaluate pupils' progress and attainment before they move on to secondary school.
The KS2 curriculum is designed to provide a well-rounded education. Core subjects include English, mathematics, and science. Foundation subjects such as history, geography, art and design, music, physical education (PE), computing, and design and technology are also taught. Many schools offer additional subjects like modern foreign languages and religious education, ensuring pupils receive a broad and balanced education.
KS2 SATs (Standard Assessment Tests) are national tests taken by pupils in Year 6, typically at the end of May. These assessments cover English reading, English grammar, punctuation and spelling (GPS), and mathematics. The tests are designed to measure pupils' attainment against national standards and help inform the transition to secondary school. Results are reported to parents and used by schools and local authorities for monitoring progress and performance.
KS2 SATs papers are marked externally. Each test is given a raw score, which is then converted to a scaled score to ensure consistency from year to year. The expected standard is a scaled score of 100. Pupils scoring 100 or above are considered to have met the expected standard, while scores below 100 indicate that a pupil has not yet reached the expected level. Scaled scores help schools and parents understand how pupils' performance compares nationally.
KS2 tests provide a snapshot of pupils' attainment in specific subjects under exam conditions. In contrast, teacher assessments are based on a broader range of evidence collected throughout the year, including classwork, homework, and informal assessments. Teacher assessments are particularly important for subjects like writing and science, where there may not be a formal test, and offer a more holistic view of a child's abilities and progress[9][10].
KS2 SATs are usually held in May during the final term of Year 6. The tests are scheduled over a week, with each subject assessed on specific days. Schools receive advance notice of the timetable, allowing teachers and pupils to prepare accordingly. Results are typically released to schools in July, and parents receive their child's scores before the end of the summer term.
Parents can support their child by encouraging regular reading, practising maths skills, and helping with homework. Providing a quiet space for study, maintaining a positive attitude towards learning, and discussing any concerns with teachers can also make a significant difference. Many schools offer revision sessions, and there are numerous online resources and practice papers available to help children become familiar with the types of questions they will face[7].
If a child is unwell or absent on the day of a KS2 test, schools follow specific procedures set by the Department for Education. In some cases, pupils may be able to take the test at a later date within the assessment window. If this is not possible, the school will submit a reason for the absence, and teacher assessment may be used to provide an overall judgement of the child's attainment. Schools ensure that all absences are recorded and reported appropriately.
Yes, access arrangements are available to support pupils with special educational needs, disabilities, or temporary injuries. These may include extra time, the use of scribes or readers, or modified test papers (such as large print or Braille). Schools are responsible for identifying pupils who require access arrangements and applying for approval where necessary. The aim is to ensure that all children have a fair opportunity to demonstrate their abilities during the assessments[9].
KS2 results are reported to parents as scaled scores for each subject tested. Schools also receive detailed breakdowns of pupil performance. These results are shared with secondary schools to help inform teaching groups and support during the transition from primary to secondary education. Additionally, KS2 outcomes are used by schools and local authorities to monitor progress and identify areas for improvement, ensuring that every child receives the support they need to succeed in the next stage of their education.
Understanding Key Stage 2 and its assessments is vital for parents, pupils, and educators. KS2 provides the foundation for secondary education, and the SATs help measure progress and identify strengths and areas for development. By staying informed and engaged, parents can help their children approach KS2 with confidence and achieve their full potential.